Clasp Retained And Attachment Retained In Cast Partial Dentures - XDENT LAB

In cast partial denture (RPD) prosthodontics, the choice of retention system plays a crucial role in determining durability, aesthetics, and chewing efficiency. Currently, the two most common systems are Clasp Retained and Attachment Retained. This article explains the differences, advantages, disadvantages, and clinical indications of these two retention methods.

1. What Are Cast Partial Dentures?

Cast Partial Dentures (RPDs) are removable partial dentures with a metal framework that includes:

• Precisely cast metal framework

• Acrylic resin base

• Artificial teeth

• Retention system: Clasps or Attachments

Main purposes of RPDs:

• Restore chewing function

• Improve aesthetics

• Preserve abutment teeth

• Distribute occlusal forces evenly

2. What Is Clasp Retained?

2.1 Definition

Clasp Retained dentures use metal clasps that engage the abutment teeth to hold the denture in place.

These clasps usually embrace the cervical or proximal area of the tooth.

2.2 Mechanism of Retention

• Retention is achieved through metal flexibility

• Clasps engage tooth undercuts

• Mechanical resistance prevents dislodgement

2.3 Advantages of Clasp Retained

• Low cost

• Simple design

• Easy fabrication

• Minimal tooth reduction

• Easy repair

2.4 Disadvantages of Clasp Retained

• Poor aesthetics (visible metal clasps)

• Plaque accumulation

• Lower chewing efficiency

• Limited lifespan (5–6 years)

• Lower patient compliance

2.5 Indications

Clasp Retained dentures are suitable when:

• Patient has limited budget

• Aesthetic demands are low

• Abutment teeth are healthy

• Temporary restoration is needed

3. What Is Attachment Retained?

3.1 Definition

Attachment Retained dentures use precision or semi-precision attachments consisting of:

• Patrix (male component)

• Matrix (female component)

• These components interlock to provide secure retention

3.2 Mechanism of Retention

Attachments work based on:

• Friction

• Binding

• Internal spring loading

• Active retention

These mechanisms ensure high stability.

3.3 Classification of Attachments

By Location

• Intracoronal

• Extracoronal

By Resiliency

• Rigid

• Resilient

By Design

• Stud attachments

• Bar attachments

• ERA

• O-ring

• Dalbo

• CEKA

3.4 Advantages of Attachment Retained

• Superior aesthetics (no visible clasps)

• Excellent chewing efficiency

• Optimal force distribution

• Reduced stress on abutment teeth

• Long service life (15+ years)

• High patient satisfaction 

3.5 Disadvantages of Attachment Retained

• Higher cost

• Complex procedures

• Extensive tooth preparation

• Requires skilled clinicians and technicians

• Periodic maintenance required 

3.6 Contraindications

Attachments are not recommended when:

• Poor periodontal support

• Unfavorable crown-to-root ratio

• Poor oral hygiene

• Insufficient vertical space

• Compromised endodontic treatment

4. Comparison: Clasp Retained vs. Attachment Retained

5. Selecting the Appropriate Retention System

The choice depends on:

Abutment Tooth Factors

• Number

• Location

• Periodontal status

• Pulp vitality

Available Space

• Minimum vertical height: ≥ 4 mm

• Buccolingual width

Patient Expectations

• Aesthetic demands

• Budget

• Treatment duration

Clinician and Laboratory Expertise

6. When Should Attachment Retained Be Preferred?

Attachment Retained is recommended when:

• Anterior region restoration

• High aesthetic requirements

• Long-term rehabilitation

• Implant-supported cases

• Distal extension situations

7. When Should Clasp Retained Be Chosen?

Clasp Retained is suitable when:

• Temporary prostheses

• Limited financial resources

• Strong abutment teeth

• Low aesthetic concern

8. Conclusion

Both Clasp Retained and Attachment Retained systems play important roles in Cast Partial Denture prosthodontics.

• Clasp Retained: economical, simple, suitable for basic restorations

• Attachment Retained: aesthetic, durable, functionally superior

Selecting the appropriate retention system improves prosthesis longevity and enhances patient quality of life.

XDENT LAB is an expert in Lab-to-Lab Full Service from Vietnam, with the signature services of Removable & Implant, meeting U.S. market standards – approved by FDA & ISO. Founded in 2017, XDENT LAB has grown from local root to global reach, scaling with 2 factories and over 100 employees.. Our state-of-the-art technology, certified technicians, and commitment to compliance make us the trusted choice for dental practices looking to ensure quality and consistency in their products.

Our commitments are:

• 100% FDA-Approved Materials.

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• 2~3 days in lab (*digital file).

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Contact us today to establish a strategy to reduce operating costs.

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